The proper selection of color, form, and texture is critical to the aesthetic appearance of architectural precast concrete. Formwork and finishes for cast in situ concrete elaine toogood bahons grad dip arch riba senior architect, the concrete centre the concrete centre. Contract number 5938228a concrete finishes grout floated finish. May 10, 2020 immediately level and prepare further using a bull float. But perhaps the most comprehensive document covering slab construction is the new aci 302. Castinplace, precast and tiltup structures can be textured with sandblasting. Surface finishes for concrete tom schwerdt, chemist cst materials lab. Placing and finishing concrete mixing, transporting, and handling of concrete should be carefully coordinated with placing and finishing operations. Colored concrete finishes paving and floors can be finished with patternstamped, broomed, troweled, exposed aggregate, saltfinished, sandblasted, or many other visually appealing textures. The optional requirements checklist of aci 30199, specifications for structural concrete, states that intentionally entrained air should not be incorporated in normalweight concrete slabs that require a dense, polished, machinetroweled surface. Pruter concrete surfaces are not always uniform in color when form work is removed. Concrete carries its strength on the inside, but its beauty on the outside. Finishes for concrete slabs concrete construction magazine.
The texture created can be coarse, medium, or smooth depending on the tool used to impart the pattern. Most aci standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised aci manual of concrete practice mcp. Aci decorative concrete standards guide 310r guide to. Aci 304 recommended practice for measuring, mixing, transporting and placing of. Concrete flatwork pavements and floors has become a key part of the built environment. Cement and concrete terminology, by american concrete institute aci committee 116. Concrete standard engineering specification, concrete. To help homebuilders, concrete contractors, and cement finishers see how attractive these finishes can be and exactly how they are produced, the portland cement association recently built a series of demonstration slabs and made a movie of the process. Finishing of formed concrete surfaces shall conform to applicable requirements of aci 301. The american concrete institute aci is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development and distribution of consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, certification programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design, construction, and materials, who share a commitment to pursuing the best use of concrete. Concrete standard engineering specification, concrete floor. The pci color and texture selection guide is a great resource to compare various colors and textures of precast concrete.
Depending upon the type and amount, certain cementitious materials such as fly ash, see aci 226. Aci 117 is the industry standard for the use of the fnumber system and establishes the fnumbers of different types of floors as well as the definitions of acceptable variances. Cip 14 finishing concrete flatwork what is finishing. The aci 310 guide defines and outlines how to best achieve most common decorative concrete finishes, including coloring, texturing and polishing. There are various architectural concrete surface finishes, for example exposed aggregate which can be produced using a technique like abrasive blasting. Floor finishing specifications american society of concrete. By concrete construction staff download the pdf version of this article. Concrete should not be deposited more rapidly than it can be spread, struck off, consolidated, and bullfloated and deposited continuously as near as possible to its final position. These types of finishes allow patterns to be made on the concrete. Modifications to aci 301 american concrete institute. Dampen the surface and spread, using hessian pads or sponge rubber floats, a slurry consisting of one part cement including an appropriate percentage of white cement and one and a half parts sand passing a 1 mm sieve. The formwork used for architectural concrete construction needs to be of high density and should conform to the specification of applicable codes such as aci 117. Why finish concrete before finishing, concrete is placed, consolidated and leveled.
Aci 302 also provides guidelines for the placing and finishing of concrete floor slab construction for the fnumber system. The most basic type of concrete finish is a smooth surface created through the use of screeds and trowels. Concrete in its green form can be molded into any shape, size, and finish with the help of different finishing. Concrete which will not be exposed in the completed structure shall be any form finish as specified in section 03100, concrete formwork, and aci 301 for rough form finish. Concrete floor finishes how to finish indoor floors. Building technology guide 8 types of concrete finishes pdf get more features, sign up now. Produce ascast formed finishes in accordance with aci 301 and as. The aci manual of concrete practice is a sevenpart compilation of current aci standards and committee reports.
For instance, you cant clean the surface with muriatic acid if youre planning on using an acidbased stain, and cracks or holes may need to be repaired for some finishes. Seemingly ubiquitous but nearly invisible to most of those strolling across its surface, the concrete floor performs its function admirably in most instances while being subjected to every kind of abuse imaginable. Finishing makes concrete attractive and serviceable. Produce ascast formed finishes in accordance with aci 301 and as follows. The choice of appropriate aggregates and textures, combined with wellconceived production and. Aci 302 ir recommended practice for concrete floor and slab construction. Special architectural finishes for formed concrete surfaces shall conform with applicable requirements of aci 301.
The finish can be strictly functional or decorative. Thus a tolerance in level of a ceiling amounting to. There are a few different concrete finishes available for you to choose from application, budget and personal taste determines which concrete finish is perfect for your concrete project in a moment you become aware as to the four basic types of concrete finishes slick finished concrete, broom finished concrete, exposed aggregate concrete and stamped. Contractor shall supply all labor, tools, equipment, and materials to finish properly placed concrete for structures.
These waterbased coatings imported from france are environmentally and user friendly. Class a finish is required where indicated on the drawings. How this is done will vary depending on the finish to be applied. The design of suspended floors should conform to requirements of aci 318 and aci 421. Wood floats create the courser textures while aluminum floats or steel trowels will create medium or smoother finishes. Placing and finishing concrete portland cement association. Concrete floor finishes how to finish indoor floors the. Concrete slab finishes and the use of fnumber system.
The finish on a concrete slab can be functional or decorative. Current documents to reference concrete surface quality. Concrete paint, opaque sealer not stain adhesive grout, 742h, epoxy paint, antigraffiti special surface finishes blasted, rub, offtheform, form liner, exposed aggregate often combined has a sealer, either acrylic or antigraffiti. Refer to aci 223 for procedures for the design and construction of shrinkagecompensating concrete slabsonground. Ductilcrete following the recommendations of aci 302. Concrete sidewalks section 03 30 00 concrete sidewalks part 1. They may have a blotchy appearance, and there is often a bond breaker residue in some spots, due to an excessive amount applied on the forms. Guide to formed concrete surfaces american concrete institute. Aci 30110 specifies three categories of surface finishes aci 117 tolerances, describes four categories for form offsets aci 347r14 describes four categories of formed concrete surfaces, same as in aci 117tolerances aci 303r12 addresses architectural concrete. This variation can usually be in either of two directions and so can be regarded as positive or negative. Immediately level and prepare further using a bull float.
Concrete is another material where i get frequent questions from clients asking about the range or choices for concrete finishes. What are the different types of concrete finishes and which. Cip 14 finishing concrete flatwork what is finishing finishing is the operation of creating a concrete surface of a desired texture, smoothness, and durability. These tolerances apply to the finished concrete surface, not. A typical concrete mix reinforcement admixture air 1. Guide to formed concrete surfaces presented by technical. Jan 10, 2011 aci 30110 specifications for structural concrete is now available in a hard copy or a downloadable pdf from the american concrete institute. American concrete institute 38800 country club drive farmington hills, mi 48331 u. Contemporary and refined, our wall finishes put the bold and beautiful at your fingertips. The concrete is a versatile construction material used all over the world for all types of construction applications. It should be noted that while a mockup of the concrete surface appearance and texture is an optional requirement for an sf2. I have added the following language to my formed concrete finishes specification section, for your usecritique. Taking concrete forward free resource for specifiers concrete quarterly publications.
Finishes for slabs and flatwork shall conform to applicable requirements of aci 301. Exposed aggregate chemically retarded and sandblasted definition this finish is achieved by casting against a form surface that has been painted with retarder which retards the set of the concrete at its surface. This guide describes techniques for imparting aesthetic finishes to concrete flatwork, of which many can be combined for unique effects. While specifications for face step and undulations for class 4 finishes are included in as 3610. What are the different types of concrete finishes and. The bars closest to the top surface can create waves in the fresh concrete during strikeoff and finishing, thus decreasing fnumbers. Apply sandblasted finish to exposed concrete surfaces where indicated. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and.
Concrete to receive membrane waterproofing shall receive a smooth form finish in accordance with aci 301. The bull float should have rounded ends, not flat or straight ends. Aci 30110 specifications for structural concrete is now available in a hard copy or a downloadable pdf from the american concrete institute. Aug 10, 2015 there are many resources available for designers, contractors, and owners that can help them avoid the mistakes made on concrete floors. New surface finishes for ascast formed concrete for. This gives you the flexibility to expose concrete floor slabs hidden by other floor coverings, such as carpet or vinyl tile, or dress up bare concrete floors in basements and rec rooms. Section 2concrete for castinplace architectural concrete 2. Finishing is the operation of creating a concrete surface of a desired texture, smoothness and durability. Their superb quality and easy application process make it a snap to. Mar 27, 2020 many floor finishes including staining, dyeing, polishing and decorative coatings can be applied to existing concrete as well as new concrete.
When finish is not indicated, provide smooth form finish as specified above. For existing surfaces, most projects will consist of three phases. Aci 301 specification for structural concrete for buildings. After the panel is removed from the form, the retarder is removed by sandblasting. The standards set forth in the following specifications are the minimum criteria required by theuniversity of texas at dallas to be used in sidewalk design. Different types of concrete finishes stamped concrete. Three new surface finishes for ascast formed concrete are defined in the new aci 30110 specifications for structural concrete, which supersedes aci 30105. The following is a list of specifications which may be related to this section. Ascc concrete contractors will hardtrowel airentrained concrete if required by specification, but. The different types of concrete finishes come from different manipulations to the concrete surface and color. The bull float is a flat, longhandled tool used to flatten minor ridges and holes, as well as embed aggregate particles further into the concrete, bringing the smoother cream consistency concrete to the surface for better finishing.
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