Impact of oxygen related extended defects on silicon diode characteristics article pdf available in journal of applied physics 7711. The figure depicted under the section forward characteristic shows that forward voltage and reverse voltage are usually plotted on the horizontal line of the graph. Diode iv characteristics the forward and reverse current voltage iv characteristics of a diode are generally compared on a single characteristic curve. A diode is simply a pn junction, but its applications are extensive in electronic circuits. Reverse dc power supply polarity for reverse bias repeat the above procedure for the different values of supply voltage for reverse bias draw vi characteristics for forward bias and reverse bias in one graph. In the case of normal diodes the diode damages at the break down voltage. The experiment was conducted to explore the characteristics of a diode laser. Three important characteristics of a diode are, first of all, the forward voltage drop.
Help labs this lab is another that you can do in your dorm room, if you like. The diode will be easier to understand if we compare the diode to another two terminal device we know and love the resistor. The current i may be deduced using r v i r, converting the recorded voltage v r in the yinput into current scale. You will be using a 2n2222 transistor so your data will be different. The first known report of a lightemitting solidstate diode was made in 1907 by.
Click on open existing file and navigate to the ee. Simulator procedure as performed through the online labs select the characteristics of diode from the drop down list. The electrostatic analysis of a pn diode is of interest since it provides knowledge about the charge density and the electric field in the depletion region. The lead connected to the ptype material is called the anode and the lead connected to the ntype material is the cathode. The transistor characteristics are useful in amplifier design as well as understanding how transistors operate. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. They are called active devices since transistors are capable of amplifying or making larger signals. Some of the voltage and current division lab report. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage. The prelab and postlab report format is as follows.
The first approach implies a maximum current, imax, for the diode in the forward direction. Characteristics of a diode 1 objects of the experiment studying the characteristics of a diode. Each diode was investigated by plotting the iv curve using a precision sourcemeasurement unit b2902a and a laptop with the corresponding quick iv measurement software installed. To explain the theory and the underlying principle behind the functioning of an led brief history. Plot a graph with reverse voltage along x axis and reverse current along y axis. The voltage across the diode is recorded as the xinput as v. You diodes will use the bit bucket breadboarding system to build and test several dc and ac diode circuits. We have also learned about diffusion current, depletion region. Recipe for solving diode circuits state of diode is unknown before solving the circuit 1. Because diodes of the same type can have significantly different characteristics, use the same diode for all experiments in this lab. The analysis is very similar to that of a metalsemiconductor junction. It arises from the fact that the forward characteristics of real pn. Measure voltage across diode and current through diode.
Electronics and circuit analysis using matlab john okyere attia p. Diode iv characteristics contents that should be delivered for every report. Pdf this paper describes an experiment that studies the effect of diode temperature and. Useful mathematical relations are shown and illustrated with plots. Use the diode equation for that state to solve the circuit equations and find i d and v d 3. Iv characteristics pn junction diode theory a semiconductor pn junction diode is a two terminal electronic device that allows current in only one direction. To calculate static and dynamic resistances of the zener diode in both forward and reverse biased conditions before, after break down voltages. Replace the procedure in experiment 3 with the following procedure 1 measure the voltage and current through a signal diode use a 1n4148 from your graymark kit these are also available in the instrument room. You can determine the influence of light intensity on the power of the solar module.
Recording the currentvoltage characteristics of diodes. Jul 27, 2018 1 compare the the purpose of this lab is to study the characteristics of the diode. To study and draw the characteristics of rectifier filter circuit. Because of the thinness of the junction, the electrons can pass through the potential barrier of the dam layer at a suitable polarization, reaching the energy states on the. The graph showing the forward bias voltage and forward current is known as the forward characteristics, and that showing the reverse bias voltage and reverse current is known as the reverse characteristics. Experiment 3 recording the current voltage characteristics. Practical report on diode characteristics pdf scoop. The diode is a device formed from a junction of ntype and ptype semiconductor material. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. Diode characteristics diode and diode circuits diodes and. For correct voltage regulation, we need to find out precisely what voltage should be across the zener diode. The semiconductor diode is usually created by attaching a ndoped semiconductor to a pdoped semiconductor forming a pnjunction. Zener diodes when we first talked about practical diodes, it was mentioned that a parameter associated with the diode in the reverse bias region was the breakdown voltage, v br, also known as the peakinverse voltage piv. To do this, record two further characteristic curves, changing the distance between the lamp and the solar module e.
When the positive polarity is at the anode the diode is forward biased and is conducting. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to. Conduct the experiment for obtaining the forward bias vi characteristics of the given diode. It is a silicon or germanium pn junction diode which is photosensitive in reverse bias condition.
The application of this diode is in its reverse biased condition. The vi characteristics of zener diode has been studied and graph is plotted. A specific diodes vf depends on what semiconductor material its made out of. We are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode. A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re gion. Diode characteristics diode and diode circuits diodes. For the analysis of the accumulated data we shall use a spreadsheet program libreoffice calc. At a distance of 20 cm the solar module must only be illuminated for the duration of the experiment. To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of diode and zener diode. Carry out the recording for both forward and reversed bias characteristics.
But simulation doesnt necessarily give the true effect of any experiment as. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following. To find zener break down voltage in reverse biased condition. Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. However, everyone will get a chance to to use the parameter analyzer to measure currentvoltage characteristics of a couple of diodes. The vi characteristics of a diode can be forward or reverse. A multimeter with a diode setting can be used to measure the minimum of a diodes forward voltage drop. Pdf v i characteristics of diode through computer researchgate. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. Jan 02, 2019 we are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode. Experimently find out whether the given diode is made of germanium or silicon. The reverse current in a photodiode depends on the intensity of light falling on it or exposure of light.
Diodes are mostly used in practice for emitting light as light emitting diodes, leds or controlling voltages in various circuits. It is also required to obtain the capacitancevoltage characteristics of the diode. The objectives of this experiment are to learn methods for characterizing 2 terminal devices. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias. Fig 8 vary the voltage v on the power supply between 030v. Pdf an experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature. Theory the japanese physicist leo esaki invented the tunnel diode in 1958. Characteristics lab introduction transistors are the active component in various devices like amplifiers and oscillators.
Pdf impact of oxygen related extended defects on silicon. Determining the value of the reversebias saturation current determining the value of the emission coefficient 2 principles the diode is a device formed from a junction of ntype and ptype semiconductor. P s1 characteristic curve dark and light iv of the solar. Diode characteristics 2012 summary this experiment was set up to investigate the different properties and characteristics of several different types of diode. To verify the vi characteristics of pn junction diode and zener diode. The diodes symbol is an arrow with a bar, the arrow indicates the direction. You may use either of three methods to measure the vi characteristics. Pn junction diode and its characteristics in chapter 1 understanding the pn junction, we have seen how a pn junction is formed from a ptype and ntype semiconductor. The data below were collected for the example of a npn 2n36443 transistor using the circuit below. Measurements of temperature and voltage will be done using a thermocouple and an ad converter respectively. Description and objective in this experiment, you will study the currentvoltage characteristics of diodes, build rectifier circuits and study small signal dynamic resistance of a diode. If a diode is fully conducting, it can usually be assumed that the voltage across it is the forward voltage rating. Diode iv characteristics the iv graph for a nonideal diode is shown in figure 2, along with an ideal approximation to accommodate the nonzero threshold voltage. If you need to use your diode on another day, mark it with a piece of tape with your name and leave it in the storage cubbies in the back of the lab.
The properties of a pn junction are very dependable. The properties of transistors will be studied in this module so basically the focus here is understanding how transistors work. Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction. Analyze the diodes characteristics using pspice, run the examples in the pspice folder.
Most of the measurements will be done with our usual lab equipment. Write down all circuit equations and simplify as much as possible 2. This was a bad thing before the whole avalanche breakdown, large current. Manufacturers specify these various diode operating parameters and characteristics with letter symbols in accordance with fixed definitions. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following instruments. How do you construct a laboratory experiment that will allow you to make this. A semiconductor diode is prepared by joining p and n sections of a semi conducting. If we attempt to pass current through the diode in the opposite direction by switching the voltage leads, almost no current will ow and we say that the diode is reverse biased. In this experiment an npn transistor will be used to observe some characteristics of a diode. The the temperature dependence o f the threshold current i th was investigat ed and l i characteristic. The diode is firmed by doping a semiconductor like silicon or germanium with. A theoretical model of the diode characteristic curve is given by the equation.
We are interested in the solid state pn junction diode which has the following type of characteristics. The forward characteristics of a diode is non linear. Read online pn junction diode characteristics aim book pdf free download link book now. Use suitable input scales and calibrate the scale on the recording sheet. This paper shows the vi characteristics of diode through pc that records the. Pn junction diode characteristics aim pdf book manual free. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 2 3.
Zero bias no external voltage potential is applied to the pn junction diode. The real diode we will use is a 1n4004 400 v piv, i max 1 a and the white line at one end indicates the direction in which positive forward current flows. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage we want. It has a particular voltage known as break down voltage, at which the diode break downs while reverse biased. A key difference is that a pn diode contains two depletion regions of opposite type. A semiconductor diode is prepared by joining p and n sections of a semi conducting material like germanium or silicon.
Electrostatic analysis of a pn diode pnjuntion diode. Experiment 1 vi characteristics of diode vi characteristics of diode aim. It is acting as normal diode while forward biasing. The first thing we want to do is look at diode characteristics. While doing the experiment do not exceed the ratings of the diode. It consists of a pn junction with highly doped regions.
In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and corressponding current generated. Pn junction diode characteristics aim pdf book manual. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse lab report 1. Under a forward bias condition, this should be about. The graph shows the reverse vi characteristics of the given pn junction diode. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. In this experiment an npntransistor will be used to observe some characteristics of a diode. Diodes and rectification component list resistors, one of each.
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